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Relational modeling (3NF)

Design operational schemas that store every fact once: normal forms, keys, lookups and constraints.

Start learning for $1/month

4 lessons · about 50 minutes · included in Explorer

Beginner4 lessons · about 50 minutes

Relational modeling (3NF)

Design operational schemas that store every fact once: normal forms, keys, lookups and constraints.

Outcome: You can normalize a messy table into a clean relational model and explain each step.

  1. 1

    Normalize an order system to 3NF

    Remove repeating groups and dependencies until every fact is stored exactly once.

    Build it in the Model Builder · 15 min · instant checks

  2. 2

    Lookup tables, keys and constraints

    Replace free-text codes with lookups and decide which key identifies each row.

    Build it in the Model Builder · 10 min · instant checks

  3. 3

    Supertypes and subtypes

    Model things that share a core but differ in detail, without a wide table full of NULLs.

    Build it in the Model Builder · 12 min · instant checks

  4. 4

    Associative entities and referential integrity

    Resolve a many-to-many into an entity of its own, and let foreign keys keep it honest.

    Build it in the Model Builder · 12 min · instant checks

What you will be able to do

  • ✓Recognise first, second and third normal form violations
  • ✓Split a denormalized table into entities with keys
  • ✓Resolve a many-to-many with an associative table
  • ✓Choose a primary key and spot candidate keys
  • ✓Replace free-text status values with a lookup table
  • ✓Mark personal data at the column level
  • ✓Recognise a supertype hiding in a table of mostly empty columns
  • ✓Split type-specific attributes into subtype tables that share the supertype key
  • ✓Choose a discriminator column and decide between one table, one per subtype, or both
  • ✓Spot a many-to-many squeezed into a one-to-many
  • ✓Model the pair as an associative entity with its own attributes
  • ✓Use foreign keys and unique constraints to enforce referential integrity
Included in Explorer

Every course and every exercise for $1 a month.

Explorer also includes the Model Builder, all 174 templates and SQL for every warehouse. Cancel anytime.